Cannabis and hemp are often confused, but they refer to different varieties of the Cannabis sativa plant. The primary distinction lies in their chemical composition and the uses of each plant.
Chemical Composition: The key difference between cannabis and hemp lies in the concentration of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the psychoactive component in the Cannabis sativa plant. Hemp is classified as having a THC content of less than 0.2% (this threshold varies slightly in some European countries). This low THC level means hemp does not produce a psychoactive effect. Conversely, cannabis varieties typically have higher THC levels and are used for medicinal or recreational purposes because of their psychoactive properties.
References:
1. European Industrial Hemp Association. (n.d.). About Hemp. https://eiha.org/about-hemp/
2. The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2018). Medical use of cannabis and cannabinoids: Questions and answers for policymaking. https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/rapid-communications/medical-use-of-cannabis-and-cannabinoids-questions-and-answers-for-policymaking_en
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex cell-signalling system identified in the early 1990s by researchers exploring THC, a well-known cannabinoid from the Cannabis sativa plant. It is integral to maintaining homeostasis within the body, a state of balanced internal environment, despite fluctuations in the external environment.
The ECS is composed of three core components: endocannabinoids, receptors, and enzymes. Endocannabinoids are molecules produced by the body, similar to cannabinoids but produced endogenously. They help keep internal functions running smoothly and are synthesized on-demand, meaning they are made and used exactly when needed.
There are two key endocannabinoid receptors: CB1 receptors, which are predominantly found in the central nervous system, and CB2 receptors, which are mostly in peripheral organs and cells associated with the immune system. Endocannabinoids can bind to either receptor, with the effects depending on where the receptor is located and which endocannabinoid it binds to.
Finally, enzymes are responsible for breaking down endocannabinoids once they have carried out their function. The two main enzymes are FAAH, which breaks down anandamide, and MAGL, which breaks down 2-AG.
Research into the ECS has linked it to various processes including appetite, metabolism, chronic pain, inflammation, mood, learning and memory, motor control, sleep, cardiovascular system function, muscle formation, bone remodelling and growth, liver function, reproductive system function, stress, and skin and nerve function.
Understanding the ECS is a promising area in medicine, as modulating its activity could have therapeutic potential in a variety of conditions.
Reference:
Di Marzo, V. (2018). “The Endocannabinoid System: Its General Strategy of Action, Tools for Its Pharmacological Manipulation and Potential Therapeutic Exploitation.” Pharmacological Research, 60(2), 77-84. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19559360/
Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that act on cannabinoid receptors in cells that alter neurotransmitter release in the brain. They are found naturally in the Cannabis sativa plant, commonly known as marijuana or hemp. The most well-known cannabinoids are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).
THC is the primary psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa plant, responsible for the “high” sensation. It works by mimicking the body’s endocannabinoids, affecting brain areas involved in pleasure, memory, thinking, concentration, movement, coordination, and sensory and time perception.
CBD, on the other hand, does not produce a high and is often used for its potential therapeutic properties. Research suggests it may help with conditions like anxiety, chronic pain, and epilepsy. Unlike THC, CBD does not directly act on the cannabinoid receptors but influences the body to use its own endocannabinoids more effectively.
Apart from THC and CBD, there are over 100 other cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa plant, each potentially having unique effects and benefits. Scientific interest in these compounds has increased as legalization and societal acceptance of cannabis and its derivatives have grown, leading to more research on their potential medical applications.
Reference:
Pertwee, R. G. (2012). “Cannabinoids.” In Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol. 168, ed. R. G. Pertwee. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/b137831
Cannabidiol (CBD) and Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are the two primary cannabinoids found in Cannabis sativa plant. It is important, especially considering the varying legal statuses and medical applications in Europe, to understand the differences between two cannabinoids.
European citizens interested in using CBD or THC should be aware of their country’s specific laws regarding cannabis and its derivatives.
Reference:
Bergamaschi, M. M., et al. (2011). “Safety and side effects of cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent.” Current Drug Safety, 6(4), 237-249. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22129319/
The legality of Cannabidiol (CBD) in the European market is an important topic, especially as the landscape of cannabis-related laws continues to evolve across Europe.
CBD derived from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is generally legal in the European Union (EU), provided it contains less than 0.2% Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive compound in cannabis sativa plant. This threshold may vary slightly among EU member states. The European Court of Justice has ruled that CBD is not a narcotic and can be freely traded between EU countries.
However, the regulatory framework for CBD products, especially as a food or health supplement, is complex and varies by country. The EU has classified CBD as a “novel food,” meaning that CBD products intended for consumption must undergo pre-market authorization according to the Novel Food Regulation. This process can be lengthy and requires substantial scientific evidence to demonstrate the safety of the product.
In addition to EU-wide regulations, individual member states may have their own rules regarding the sale and use of CBD products. For instance, some countries may have stricter regulations on the allowable THC content in CBD products or require specific licensing for the sale of these products.
Businesses operating in the EU CBD market must navigate these legal nuances to ensure compliance, and consumers should be aware of the legal status of CBD in their specific country.
Reference:
European Industrial Hemp Association (EIHA). (2023). “Position Paper on the EU Regulation of CBD in Food and as Food Supplement.” Available at: https://eiha.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/PPFFSCBD01022021-1.pdf
The use of Cannabidiol (CBD) in the European Union (EU) is shaped by specific market regulations that govern how it can be marketed and sold. CBD in the EU is utilized in various forms and for different purposes, within the confines of these regulations.
Reference:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). (2023). “Cannabidiol (CBD) as a Novel Food.” Available at: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en
Cannabidiol (CBD) can be utilized in various modes, each offering different benefits and methods of application. Here are the most common modes of CBD utilization:
Each of these modes of CBD utilization has its own set of advantages and considerations. For instance, oral consumption is simple and familiar but may undergo extensive metabolism, reducing bioavailability. Topical applications are great for localized issues but don’t typically provide systemic effects. Inhalation offers rapid onset but with potential respiratory risks. The choice of mode often depends on the individual’s needs, preferences, and the specific conditions they are aiming to address.
Consumers should be aware of the legal status of CBD in their specific country before utilizing any of those methods!
Choosing the right CBD product involves considering both quality and the mode of utilization:
Consider your specific needs, preferences, and any legal constraints in your area when selecting a CBD product!
While Cannabidiol (CBD) is generally considered safe and well-tolerated, some individuals may experience side effects. These side effects are typically mild, but it’s important to be aware of them, especially for those considering using CBD products. Common side effects of CBD include:
It’s advisable to consult a healthcare expert before starting CBD, especially for those with existing health conditions or those taking other medications.
Reference:
Iffland, K., Grotenhermen, F. (2017). “An Update on Safety and Side Effects of Cannabidiol: A Review of Clinical Data and Relevant Animal Studies.” Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2(1), 139-154. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5569602/
In recent years, CBD (cannabidiol) has emerged as a natural remedy gaining widespread attention for its diverse health benefits. Extracted from the cannabis plant, this intriguing component has been the subject of extensive research and discussion, leading to a growing understanding of its potential therapeutic applications. CBD is a non-psychoactive compound, meaning it doesn’t produce the “high” traditionally associated with cannabis use.
From alleviating chronic pain and reducing anxiety to offering neuroprotective properties and improving heart health, CBD’s purported health benefits are as varied as they are promising. This guide delves into the scientific evidence behind these claims, exploring how CBD might be a beneficial addition to your health regimen. Whether you’re seeking relief from specific ailments or interested in general wellness, understanding how CBD can help could be the first step towards a healthier, more balanced lifestyle.
One of the most promising areas of CBD research is its potential for pain management. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound found in cannabis plants, has been studied for its ability to influence the body’s endocannabinoid system, a complex network that plays a key role in regulating pain, mood, and immune function.
Research suggests that CBD may help reduce chronic pain by impacting endocannabinoid receptor activity, thereby reducing inflammation, and interacting with neurotransmitters. For example, a study published in the ‘European Journal of Pain’ investigated the effects of CBD on arthritis pain in rats. The study found that topical application of CBD had the potential to relieve pain and inflammation associated with arthritis without evident side effects.
This finding is significant as it suggests that CBD could be a viable option for treating different types of chronic pain, including joint pain and neuropathic pain. While more research is needed to confirm these effects in humans and to understand the optimal dosages and methods of administration, CBD holds promise as a natural alternative for pain management.
Reference:
Hammell, D. C., Zhang, L. P., Ma, F., et al. (2016). Transdermal cannabidiol reduces inflammation and pain-related behaviours in a rat model of arthritis. European Journal of Pain, 20(6), 936–948. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4851925/
Cannabidiol (CBD), a compound derived from cannabis plants, has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic effects in managing anxiety and stress. Unlike THC, its psychoactive counterpart, CBD does not induce a ‘high’, making it an appealing option for those seeking natural anxiety relief.
Scientific studies have begun to uncover how CBD might influence brain chemistry to alleviate symptoms of anxiety and stress. A notable study, published in the ‘Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics’, explored the anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) effects of CBD. The research indicated that CBD could be effective in reducing anxiety in both animal and human models, showing promise for conditions such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
These findings suggest that CBD might work by acting on the brain’s serotonin receptors, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in mood and social behavior. The potential of CBD as a natural, non-addictive solution for anxiety and stress is encouraging, especially for those looking for alternatives to traditional pharmaceuticals.
Reference:
Blessing, E. M., Steenkamp, M. M., Manzanares, J., & Marmar, C. R. (2015). Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders. Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 12(4), 825–836. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4604171/
Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound from the cannabis plant, has been increasingly recognized for its potential in improving sleep. Unlike traditional sleep aids, CBD offers a more natural approach, and its interaction with the body’s endocannabinoid system is believed to play a key role in regulating sleep patterns.
A study published in ‘The Permanente Journal’ investigated the effects of CBD on sleep and anxiety. The researchers found that CBD could significantly improve sleep scores within the first month of use in most of the subjects. This improvement was sustained throughout the study period, highlighting CBD’s potential as a long-term solution for sleep difficulties.
The study suggests that CBD’s effectiveness in enhancing sleep may be linked to its ability to reduce anxiety, a common cause of sleep disturbances. This dual effect of anxiety reduction and sleep improvement positions CBD as a promising alternative or supplement to conventional sleep therapies.
Reference:
Shannon, S., Lewis, N., Lee, H., & Hughes, S. (2019). Cannabidiol in Anxiety and Sleep: A Large Case Series. The Permanente Journal, 23, 18–041. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6326553/
Cannabidiol (CBD), a naturally occurring compound found in cannabis plants, is gaining attention for its potential anti-inflammatory properties. Unlike THC, CBD does not produce a psychoactive effect, making it an appealing option for those seeking natural anti-inflammatory remedies.
Research has indicated that CBD may exert its anti-inflammatory effects by interacting with the endocannabinoid system, which plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation in the body. A study published in the journal ‘Biochemical Pharmacology’ explored the effects of CBD on inflammation. The research demonstrated that CBD could significantly reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of conditions characterized by excessive inflammation.
This finding is significant as it implies that CBD might be beneficial in managing a variety of inflammatory conditions, including autoimmune disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, and certain skin conditions. CBD’s potential as a natural anti-inflammatory agent offers a promising avenue for those looking for alternatives to conventional anti-inflammatory medications.
Reference:
Burstein, S. (2015). Cannabidiol (CBD) and its analogs: A review of their effects on inflammation. Biochemical Pharmacology, 97(4), 425-437. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272373349_Cannabidiol_CBD_and_its_analogs_A_review_of_their_effects_on_inflammation
In the world of sports and fitness, CBD (cannabidiol) is emerging as a popular natural supplement for post-exercise recovery. Derived from the cannabis plant, CBD is non-psychoactive and is being recognized for its potential in aiding recovery after intensive physical activity.
Athletes and fitness enthusiasts often face muscle soreness and inflammation post-exercise, known as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). CBD’s analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties are of particular interest in this context. A study published in the ‘Journal of Pain Research’ highlights the role of CBD in reducing inflammation and pain. The study found that CBD could potentially help alleviate soreness and expedite recovery, making it a beneficial addition to post-workout routines.
CBD is also being studied for its effects on sleep and stress, which are critical components of recovery. Improved sleep quality and reduced stress can significantly enhance muscle recovery and overall physical performance. As such, CBD’s holistic impact on post-exercise recovery is attracting attention in sports medicine and among athletes seeking natural remedies.
Reference:
Maroon, J., Bost, J. (2018). Review of the neurological benefits of phytocannabinoids. Surgical Neurology International, 9, 91. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5938896/
Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound found in cannabis plants, is making waves in the skincare industry for its potential therapeutic benefits. Unlike THC, CBD does not induce a high, making it an appealing ingredient in various skincare products.
CBD’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are particularly beneficial for skin health. These properties may help in reducing symptoms associated with inflammatory skin conditions like acne, psoriasis, and eczema. A study published in the ‘Journal of Clinical Investigation’ found that CBD could help regulate oil production in the skin and has anti-inflammatory effects on oil-producing glands, potentially making it an effective treatment for acne.
Additionally, the antioxidant qualities of CBD may aid in neutralizing harmful free radicals and protecting the skin from environmental stressors like pollution and UV rays. This could potentially reduce signs of aging, such as wrinkles and skin dullness.
The hydrating potential of CBD, combined with its soothing effects, makes it a promising ingredient for moisturizers and serums, aiming to enhance skin hydration and barrier function.
Reference:
Oláh, A., Tóth, B. I., Borbíró, I., et al. (2014). Cannabidiol exerts sebostatic and anti-inflammatory effects on human sebocytes. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 124(9), 3713–3724. https://www.jci.org/articles/view/64628
